Isimo sobhubhane, ukukhethwa komgomo kanye nenqubo yokugoma isifo sonyawo nomlomo

Isifo Sonyawo Nomlomo

(1) Isimo sobhubhane

Isifo somlomo nomlomo emhlabeni wonke sivame kakhulu e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Asia nasezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu Melika. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingu-7 ze-FMDV, uhlobo O nohlobo A yizona ezivame kakhulu; Uhlobo I, II kanye no-III lwaseNingizimu Afrika luvame kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika; Uhlobo lwase-Asia I luvame kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu Asia; Uhlobo C alukaze lubikwe kusukela kwagqashuka eBrazil naseKenya ngo-2004. Ngo-2021, isimo esiwumqedazwe wesifo samatele eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia sisenzima. I-Cambodia, iMalaysia, iMyanmar, iThailand, iVietnam kanye namanye amazwe anokuqubuka kwezifo, futhi izinkinga ezidala lolu bhubhane ziyinkimbinkimbi. Usongo ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni isifo samatele nomlomo e-China lusaqhubeka nokuba khona.

Njengamanje, isimo esiwumqedazwe wesifo somlomo nomlomo eShayina ngokuvamile sizinzile, futhi isifo samatele e-Asia sihlala singenawo umqedazwe. Akuzange kube khona ubhubhane lwesifo somlomo nohlobo A eminyakeni emithathu yakamuva, futhi kuzoba nezifo ezintathu zesifo somlomo no-O ngo-2021. Ngokwesimo sokuqapha, izinhlobo zamanje zobhubhane lwe-FMD eShayina inkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo ze-FMD zohlobo lwe-O zifaka i-Ind-2001e, i-Mya-98 ne-CATHAY, kuyilapho Uhlobo A luyi-Sea-97. Uhlobo lwe-AA/Sea-97 igciwane legatsha laphesheya lizotholwa ezindaweni ezisemngceleni ngo-2021.

Umuthi wokugomela isifo samatele e-China uyasebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobo eziwumqedazwe wasekhaya, futhi amaphuzu engcuphe yobhubhane atholakala ikakhulukazi ezixhumanisini nasezizindeni ezinokuzivikela okubuthakathaka. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuqapha, kubikezelwa ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-FMD e-China lusazophathwa uhlobo lwe-FMD O ngo-2022, futhi ubhubhane ngasikhathi sinye lwezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo O lwe-FMD luzoqhubeka, okungakukhiphi ukuthi kungenzeka kwenzeke indawo. yohlobo A lwe-FMD; Ingozi yokwethulwa kwezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe eChina isekhona.

(2) Ukukhetha Umgomo

Khetha imithi yokugoma efana nokungajwayelekile kwezinhlobo zobhubhane lwasendaweni, futhi ulwazi lomkhiqizo wokugoma lungabuzwa kunkundla "Yombuzo Wolwazi Oluyisisekelo Lwezidakamizwa Zokwelashwa Kwezilwane" "Idatha Yenombolo Yokuvunyelwa Komkhiqizo Wezilwane Zokwelashwa Kwezilwane" ye-China Veterinary Drug Information Network.

(3) Izinqubo Zokugoma Ezinconyiwe

1. Inkambu yesikali

Iminyaka yobudala bokugonywa kokuqala kwezilwane ezincane yanqunywa ngokucabangela izici ezifana nokuvikeleka komama kanye nezinga lamasosha omzimba kamama wezilwane ezincane. Isibonelo, ngokomehluko wezikhathi zokugonywa kwezilwane zabesifazane kanye namasosha omzimba kamama, amazinyane engulube angakhetha ukugonywa eneminyaka engu-28 ~ 60 izinsuku, amawundlu angagonywa eneminyaka engu-28 ~ 35 izinsuku, futhi amankonyane angagonywa. eneminyaka engama-90 ubudala. Ngemuva kokugoma kokuqala kwayo yonke imfuyo esanda kuzalwa, ukugonywa kwe-booster kuzokwenziwa kanye njalo ngenyanga eyi-1, bese kuthi njalo ezinyangeni ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-6.

2. Imindeni enakekela abantu abayitoho

Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, zonke izilwane ezifuywayo ezisengozini zizogonywa kanye, futhi zizonxeshezelwa njalo ngenyanga. Lapho izimo zivuma, ukugoma kungenziwa ngokulandela inqubo yokugoma yezindawo ezinkulu.

3. Ukugonywa kwezimo eziphuthumayo

Lapho isimo sobhubhane senzeka, imfuyo esengozini endaweni yobhubhane kanye nendawo esengozini izonikezwa ukugonywa okuphuthumayo. Lapho indawo yasemngceleni isongelwa isimo esiwubhubhane phesheya kwezilwandle, kuhlangene nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobungozi, imfuyo esengozini enkulu yesifo samatele nomlomo izonikezwa ukugonywa okuphuthumayo. Imfuyo egonyiwe phakathi nenyanga edlule ingase ingagomi ngokuphuthumayo.

(4) Ukuqapha umphumela wamasosha omzimba

1. Indlela yokuhlola

Indlela ecaciswe ku-GB/T 18935-2018 Diagnostic Techniques for Foot and Mouth Disease yasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe amasosha omzimba. Kulabo abagonywe ngomuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi, ukuvimbela isigaba soketshezi i-ELISA kanye nesigaba esiqinile se-ELISA sokuncintisana kwasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe amasosha omzimba; Kulabo abagonywe ngomuthi wokugomela we-peptide wokwenziwa, iphrotheni yesakhiwo i-VP1 i-ELISA yasetshenziswa ukuthola amasosha omzimba.

2. Ukuhlolwa komphumela wamasosha omzimba

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28 zokugonywa kwezingulube kanye nezinsuku ezingama-21 zokugonywa kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, i-antibody titer izohlangabezana nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokunquma ukuthi ukuzivikela komuntu ngamunye kufanelekile:

Ukuvimbela i-ELISA kwesigaba soketshezi: i-antibody titer yezilwane ezelusayo njengezinkomo nezimvu ≥ 2 ^ 7, kanye ne-pig antibody titer ≥ 2 ^ 6.

Isigaba esiqinile sokuncintisana i-ELISA: i-antibody titer ≥ 2 ^ 6.

I-vP1 i-antibody ye-structural protein ELISA: i-positive ngokuvumelana nendlela noma imiyalelo ye-reagent.

Uma inani labantu abaqeqeshiwe lingabalelwa ngaphansi kwama-70% yenani eliphelele lamaqembu omzimba, ukuzivikela kweqembu kuzonqunywa njengokufanelekile.